Charge-forming device



Oct. 28, 1930.

w. E. KEMP 1,780,019

CHARGE FORMING DEVICE Filed June 26, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet I ATTQ'SFYW Oct." 28, 1930.

w. E. KEMP CHARGE FORMING DEVICE Filed June 26, 192 2 Shgets-Sheet 2 m IN%TOR ATTORNEY Fatenred'OctL 28, 1930.

m WILLIAM E. KEIlVlP, or. New 52031;, N. Y.

.cmmmesmm nnvron Application filed June 26,

The present invention relates; to improvements in crevices designed and especially adapted for use with an internal combustion engine,'for the purposeof producing a combustiblemixture from liquid hydrocarbon and air, to be supplied to and burned within the engine. I In the most common type of these devices,

the supply of liquid hydrocarbon' is con-- trolled by a float, resting upon the liquid in. a chamber connected to the carbureting chamber; 1 Carbureters. containing 1 float chambers: can. obviously be used only on engines which are. maintained in horizontal or nearly horizontal positions, and are otherwise objectionable because of possible leakage or the liquid hydrocarbon, due to the wear of the float mechanism. This leakage increases the fire hazard to such an extent 220 that theuse of internal combustion engines, having float-controlled feeding mechanisms, is expressly prohibited inecertain. localities by the'rules and regulations of the Board of Fire Underwriters.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a charge forming device which does away entirely. with the float mechanism, the liquid hydrocarbon. being fed to the charge iorming device by the 'suctionproduced the working piston of the engine from .a tank, disposed below thelevel of the charge forming device, thereby obviating the defects of the carburetors heretofore in use.

- Anotherobjectof-theinvention is to produce a charge forming device,whereinthe liquid hydrocarbon, not already vaporized, returns to a tank located below the same as soon as the engine comes to rest.

A further object or the invention 'is to' otherwords one which is not so diflicult to.

1920. serialize. 391,943;

make as to be beyond the reasonable, cost of such a contrivancer With these and other'objects in view,.which will more fully appear as the nature of the invention is better understood,the same con sists in the combination, arrangement and construction of parts hereinafter described, pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated' in-the accompanying drawings, it being understoodthat'many changes maybe made, in the sizeand proportion jofthe sev-- eral parts'and details-0f construction within thescope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit or, sacrificing'any of the advantages of the invention -1 Two of the many possible embodiments of the invention'aie illustrated in the accom:

'panying drawings, in which r V Figure 1 is a centrallongitudinalsection taken-through achargeforming device con- 7 structed in accordance with the presentinvene tion;;Fig.- 2 is a top plan view of the said device Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3'3 of-Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a front. elevation of a portion of the said device; Fig. 5 is a section similar to the one shown in Fig.1 of a moth ficatio-n of the invention; Fig. 6 is atop plan view of a detail of construction of the device shown in Fig. 5; and Fig. 7 is a modification ofthe' said detail: i 7

' Referringnow first to Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, of the drawings, the numeral 10 indi cates a portion-of; the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, having an intake port 11, through which the combustiblemixture en,- ters the said cylinder. 1 This port is controlled by valve 11, as usual in constructions of this type. The port 11 communicates with a charge forming device 12, comprising acar.-. bursting chamber 13,111 the form of a tubular body,'that is provided with'a flange 14 This flange abuts against the cylinder 10, screws 15 serving to attachthe same tosai'd cylinder; The chamber 13'is provided, intermecarbon. Into the nipplelfits a nozzle 20,.1ex 1 0 tending diametrically across the carbureting chamber; This nozzle is provided with longitudinal slots 21, disposed in a plane at right.

being, preferably, in the form of a needle valve 23, which is disposed within the nozzle 20, its diameter being slightly smaller than the inner diameter of said nozzle. The needle valve is carried by, or made integral with, a screw threaded stemflt, the threads of which mesh with internal threads of a tubular extension 25 on the carbureting chamber, thereby permitting of an adjustment of the discharge end of the liquid hydrocarbon conduit, for the well known purose.

p In front of the needle valve, there is located, within the carbureting chamber, a throttle 26, for instance a butterfly valve, comprising a disk 27, which is attached to a spindle 28. This spindle extends in parallel relation to the needle valve and is rotatably mounted in the carbureter casing. To the spindle 28 is fixed, outside of the carbureter casing, a bell-crank 29, one arm of which is adapted to be connected with an actuating rod, not shown, while its other 'armis connected by a link 30 with a lever 31, the latter being fixed to the screw-threaded stemyof the needle valve. The inner end of the lever 31 is split, as shown at 32, and through the split portions extends a clamping screw 33. This construction permits of a fixing of the lever to the needle valve in any adjusted position of the latter.

From an inspection of the drawings it appears that the carbureting chamber is cylindrical throughout its length, and that the only restriction or obstruction to the flow of air through the saidchamber is constituted by the throttle. It also appears from the drawings, that there is no restriction in the carbureting chamber between the nozzle and the engine, orin other words there is no obstruction placed in the path of the combustible mixture. Due to this construction, the highest vacuum or lowest pressure point in the carbureting chamber immediately inrear of the throttle. The nozzle is within the'range of the highest vacuum or lowest pressure point, for a purpose which will presently appear.

In operation, thejs'uction produced by the working piston of the engine lifts liquid hydroearbon from the tank 19 against the force of gravity into the nozzle, and the air, which is caused to flow in a confined stream through the carbureting chamber past the discharge end of the said nozzle, entrains and vaporizes utilized for the vaporization.

The modificationshown in Fig. 5 of the drawings difiers from the oneabove described the liquid hydrocarbon, the resulting combustible mixture being drawn into the cylinder. A lifting of the fuel is made possible bythe factthat the nozzle is subjected to the highest vacuum created by the suction of the piston, irrespective of the speed of and load to the engine. The slots 21 in the nozzle are placed in a plane at rightangles to the longitudinal axis of the carbureting chamber to produce a homogeneous mixture of air and combustile gas, the hydrocarbon beingdischarged at right-angles to the flow of the air through the carburcting chamber. By reason of this construction the sensibility of the needle "alve is eliminated to a great extent.

The purpose of the throttle in this construction is only to measure the volume of air admitted to the carbureting chamber, due to the suction of the piston in the cylinder. Inasmuch as this throttle is disposed in front of the nozzle and constitutes the only obstruction in the carbureting chamber, the combustible mixture is carried to the engine at any speed of the latter and has, therefore, no chance to condense and stagnate in the said chamber. Each charge is thus of the same quality with agiven throttle opening, resulting in an even running of the engine.

The throttle and needle valve of the carbureter being connected in the maner above described, the discharge end of the fuel sup ply conduit is varied in proportion to the throttle movement. A proper proportion of "air and liquid hydrocarbon is thus always obtained. This is true at any speed of the engine, so that its flexibility is greatly increased.

A complete combustion is obtained in the cylinder at any speed, decreasing the carbon deposit therein materially, when compared with the constructions heretofore in use.

Another advantage of the charge forming device herein described over the conventional carbureter construction is that the operation of the engine is more sensitive to adjustment and will not load on account of a heavy mixture, because the liquid hydrocarbon is vaporized in high vacuum and carried into the motor completely at any speed, it having no chance to condense and stagnate in the carbureting chamber, for the reasons above referred to. By reason of the fact that there is no restriction in the carbureting chamber between the nozzle and the motor, the liquid hydrocarbon is adapted to be vaporized at a lower vacuum than in the constructions heretofore in use, the resultbeing that more power is obtained for a given quantity of liquid hydrocarbon, there being less motor energy in that its throttle 26 and needle valve 23 are not connected. Another difference conslsts 1n thatthe needle valve of the construc- "tion shown in Fig. of the drawings is ac- The disks 86 may moved, as no liquid troduced into the same except by the suction betweonflexible metallic disks 36.

disks aremounted upon an interiorly screw be made in the "term of stars lQ, as

- stopping of tuated by and in unison with the engine. For this purpose the needle valve is provided with a fiEXlbl d1aphragm 3d, a disk for instance, of cork,

These threaded sleeve lVith the threads of this sleeve mesh the threads 2% on the stem 24 of the needle valve. The diaphragm is slidably disposed in a cylind ucal extension'38 of.

the carburetingchamber, said extension being closed by a cover 39, havingfa vent 40. be provided with openings all, to increase their flexibility, as clearly shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, or'they may indicated in Fig. 7. in operation, the needle valve is adjusted in relation to the restricted opening 22 in the nozzle, according to the requirements. During the suction stroke of the piston in the cylinder the needle valveis lowered, because of the vacuum in the carbureting chamber. The opening 22 in the nozzle is thus restricted, as required. Immediately after the suctionstroke, the needle valve returns to its normal position, the vent {l0 permitting of an escape 0t air from the cylindrical extension 38'. lhe lowering of the needle valve is due to the difference of pressure on the undertace and uppertace of the diaphra m 34. The

D purpose of this arrangement is asfollows:

It provides automatic means for regulating the needle valve, the latter restricting during the suction strokes of the piston the discharge end of the fuel conduit in proportion to the speed of the engine.

From the foregoing it will beseen that in both devices herein described the liquid hydrocarbon is sibility of iloodmg the apparatus is thus rehydrocarbon can be in of the engine piston, vwhich at once vaporizesthe hydrocarbon. ln-case of accident or the engine, the liquid pipe 18 immediately rebon in the supply the tank 19..

turns by gravity into Attention is called to the fact that the charge forming devices herein described. operate in any position of the engine, as long as the tank is not brought above the carbureting-chamber. The useofthe engines is thus available for many purposes, to which engines with ordinary carbureterscannot be .ut.

What I claim is 2- s 1. Acharge-forming device comprising acarbureting chamber, athrottle therein a supply nozzle in said chamber between sald throttle and the outlet thereof, a valve con-, trolling said nozzle, and a connection be composed of that, is held f justing the versely from below chamber, and a reservoir disposed wholly bedrawn into the carbureting chamber, instead oi being forced in, all poshydrocarbureting chamber by the suction of the piston in the cylinder of the engine.

'2. Acharge-Iormmg device, comprising a 'carbureting chamber, a supply nozzlein said chamber, a valve controlling said nozzle tree-- ly movable in relation thereto, and means connected with saidivalve controlled by the suction ofthe engine for automatically adoutlet of said nozzle in proportion to the vacuum produced in'said carbureting chamber. s

A. harge-forming device, comprising a carbureting chamber, a supply nozzle in said chamber, a valve controlling said nozzle freely movable in relation thereto, and means v controlled by the suctionof the engine for causing said valve to automatically obstruct the outlet of said nozzle in proportion to the vacuum produced in said carburetingchamher. 1

4. Thecombination with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine having an intake port, of a cha-rge forming device communieating therewith and comprising a cylindrical horizontally ext-ending carbureting chamber continuously open to the atmosphere, a valve controlled nozzle projecting transinto said carbureting low said carbureting chamber containing a supply of liquid hydrocarbon and communicating directly and continuously with said nozzle, wherebyliquid hydrocarbon is sup plied to said nozzle by vacuum feed, the level of the liquid in said reservoir being always below the lowest point of said nozzle and i the liquid hydrocarbon being supplied to said nozzle irrespective of the change of level of the liquid in said reservoir.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York this 27th day of May, A. D. 1920. p p

v WVILLIAM E. KEMP.

i tween said valve and'throttlev for causing '7 

